{"id":6307,"date":"2021-03-23T11:27:04","date_gmt":"2021-03-23T08:27:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/?p=6307"},"modified":"2022-04-21T17:08:17","modified_gmt":"2022-04-21T14:08:17","slug":"daralan-alanlarda-populizme-meydan-okumak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/2021\/03\/23\/daralan-alanlarda-populizme-meydan-okumak\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cDaralan Alanlarda\u201d Pop\u00fclizme Meydan Okumak"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\"><strong>Yaz\u0131 dizisi # 1: Sezin \u00d6ney<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/hakikatadalethafiza.org\/\">Haf\u0131za Merkezi<\/a> ve&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/\">E\u015fit Haklar \u0130\u00e7in \u0130zleme Derne\u011fi<\/a>\u2019nin&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhc.nl\/\">Hollanda Helsinki Komitesi<\/a> deste\u011fiyle d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u201cDaralan Demokratik Alan ve Uluslararas\u0131 Dayan\u0131\u015fma\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 panel serisi, d\u00fcnya genelinde sivil toplumun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin ku\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 konusuna kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 bir perspektiften bak\u0131yordu. Paneller serisi, bir yandan demokrasi a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sivil alanda ya\u015fanan zemin kayb\u0131na; di\u011fer yandan da, Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel ko\u015fullar\u0131n insan haklar\u0131 m\u00fccadelesini farkl\u0131 k\u00fcresel \u00f6rneklerde nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fine odaklan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ve d\u00fcnya genelinden hak savunucular\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclerini payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 panel serisinin ilki \u201cCovid-19 G\u00fcnlerinde Sivil Alan\u0131 Geni\u015fletmek\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 idi. Bu ilk panelin konuklar\u0131, Kolombiyal\u0131 hukuk\u00e7u, sosyolog ve insan haklar\u0131 savunucusu&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/chrgj.org\/people\/cesar-rodriguez-garavito\/\">C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito<\/a> ve Haf\u0131za Merkezi e\u015f direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Murat \u00c7elikkan oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ChLMcoh5FeE\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Garavito, bu panel serisinin de ana fikrini destekleyen bir kitab\u0131n edit\u00f6r ve yazar\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Rising-to-the-populist-challenge_1.pdf\">Rising to the Populist Challenge: A New Playbook for Human Rights\u201d<\/a> (Pop\u00fclizme Meydan Okumak: \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in Yeni bir Taktik Kitab\u0131) adl\u0131 bu kitab\u0131n giri\u015finde Garavito ve Krizna Gomez, \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015flar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/esithaklar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/img_6059d585bfe1a.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"292\"\/><figcaption><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#202122;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> Raporu okumak i\u00e7in<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2019\/apr\/07\/we-had-to-fight-operation-libero-the-swiss-youth-group-taking-on-populism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#202122;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#1155cc;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#202122;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPop\u00fclist h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin ve hareketlerin Hindistan&#8217;dan Venez\u00fcela&#8217;ya Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri&#8217;nden T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;ye, Macaristan&#8217;dan Rusya&#8217;ya ve Filipinler&#8217;den Polonya&#8217;ya kadar \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada insan haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in riskler ve zorluklar olu\u015fturuyor. Ancak, y\u00fckseli\u015flerinin beklenmedik olumlu bir etkisi olabilir: \u0130nsan haklar\u0131 hareketini, yap\u0131s\u0131nda ve stratejilerinde yeni pop\u00fclist h\u00fck\u00fcmetler dalgas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce bile zorunlu, \u015fimdi ise iyice acil hale gelmi\u015f d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler ve de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapmaya itebilir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Garavito, yeni pop\u00fclist dalgan\u0131n demokratik yollarla i\u015fba\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ya da se\u00e7menlerden destek bulan hareketler olmalar\u0131n\u0131n, bu hareketleri 20. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki \u00f6rneklerinden farkl\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Garavito\u2019nun da dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi gibi, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00f6rne\u011fin G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019daki diktat\u00f6rl\u00fckler ve fa\u015fist y\u00f6netimler, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc pop\u00fclist hareketler gibi sand\u0131\u011fa dayanm\u0131yordu. Bu bak\u0131mdan da herhangi bir me\u015fruiyetleri yoktu. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn pop\u00fclist hareketleri ise, me\u015fru yollarla iktidara gelerek veya demokrasinin imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin alt\u0131n\u0131 oyuyorlar. Hukuk devleti ilkelerini ve hukuk devletinin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaideleri a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131p, hukuku kullanarak hukuku yok ediyorlar.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Macaristan, \u201chukuk yoluyla hukuk devletinin yok edilmesinin\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6rneklerinden. 2010\u2019da Viktor Orb\u00e1n\u2019\u0131n lideri oldu\u011fu Fidesz\u2019in iktidara gelmesiyle Macaristan\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm hukuki yap\u0131s\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u00e7ine girdi. Fidesz, 1988\u2019de gen\u00e7 ve ba\u015fkent Budape\u015fte\u2019nin iktidar \u00e7evrelerinden uzak ta\u015fral\u0131 avukatlar\u0131n hareketi olarak kuruldu. 2010\u2019da yeniden iktidara geldiklerinde, parlamento \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu sayesinde hukuk devleti kaidelerinin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasalar\u0131 birer birer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye giri\u015ftiler. De\u011fi\u015ftirilen \u00e7er\u00e7evelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda da anayasa geliyordu. Macaristan Anayasas\u0131, 1989\u2019da ya\u015fanan demokrasiye ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6neminin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sadece Orta ve Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n de\u011fil, t\u00fcm Avrupa genelinin en ilerici anayasalar\u0131ndan biri olan Macaristan Anayasas\u0131, Fidesz taraf\u0131ndan muhafazakar bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla ba\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Fidesz, \u00fclkedeki g\u00fc\u00e7ler dengesinin temel unsuru olan Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin denetleme yetkisini tamamen elinden ald\u0131. T\u00fcm bunlar da, hukuk yoluyla, Fidesz\u2019in se\u00e7imlerde elde etti\u011fi sand\u0131k deste\u011finin getirdi\u011fi parlamenter \u00e7o\u011funluk yoluyla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu. Oy verirken se\u00e7menlerin destekledi\u011fi, anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve yasalar\u0131n geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi de\u011fildi elbette. Ancak, Fidesz\u2019in iddias\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu temsil etti\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yapmaya da hakk\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/esithaklar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/img_6059d586ae80a.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"286\" height=\"185\"\/><figcaption><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#202122;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> Foto\u011fraf:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@bekmanis?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\"><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#202122;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#1155cc;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Elvis Bekmanis,<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#202122;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> Unsplash<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Macaristan, ba\u015fta da bahsetti\u011fimiz gibi, tek \u00f6rnek de\u011fil: Brezilya, Hindistan, T\u00fcrkiye, ABD ve Venez\u00fcela gibi farkl\u0131 \u00f6rneklerde, farkl\u0131 ideolojiler, s\u00f6ylemler ve lider tipolojileri ile ayn\u0131 tarz ak\u0131mlar iktidara geliyor ve \u00fclkelerin siyasi-hukuki yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirip d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. \u00d6te yandan, her \u00fclkede \u201cdaralan alan\u201d ve hak m\u00fccadelesinin bedeli farkl\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Rusya\u2019da muhalif Alexei Navalny\u2019nin askeri te\u00e7hizat stat\u00fcs\u00fcndeki sinir gaz\u0131 Novichok ile zehirlenmesi gibi u\u00e7 \u00f6rnekler de ya\u015fan\u0131yor.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Murat \u00c7elikkan\u2019\u0131n da panelde bahsetti\u011fi Venez\u00fcela\u2019da faaliyet g\u00f6steren <a href=\"https:\/\/provea.org\/en\/home\/\">PROVEA<\/a> (Programa Venezolano de Educaci\u00f3n-Acci\u00f3n en Derechos Humanos-Venez\u00fcela \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 \u00fczerine E\u011fitim-Faaliyet Program\u0131) gibi, ger\u00e7ekten daralan hatta kapanan sivil alanda faaliyet g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00f6rnekler de mevcut.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/esithaklar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/img_6059d594d551a.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"212\" height=\"281\"\/><figcaption><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#202122;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> Provea&#8217;dan Rafael Uzc\u00e1tegui&#8217;nun yaz\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.openglobalrights.org\/resilience-in-non-democratic-contexts-perspectives-from-venezuela\/\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\"><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#202122;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#1155cc;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#202122;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7elikkan ayr\u0131ca, k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, insan haklar\u0131 hareketlerinin geli\u015fti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bir yandan ekoloji-\u00e7evre odakl\u0131 hareketler, kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc cinsel ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa odakl\u0131 hareketler hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar \u00f6n planda ve profillerini y\u00fckseltiyorlar.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Garavito, insan haklar\u0131 hareketi \u00fczerine uzmanla\u015fan siyaset bilimci Kathryn Sikkink\u2019in de \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/books\/hardcover\/9780691170626\/evidence-for-hope\">Evidence for Hope<\/a>\u201d (\u00dcmidin Kan\u0131t\u0131) kitab\u0131nda savundu\u011fu gibi, \u201cinsan haklar\u0131n\u0131n sonunun gelmesi\u201d gibi bir durumun s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurguluyor. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k&nbsp; insan haklar\u0131 hareketinin \u201cbitti\u011fini\u201d \u00f6ne s\u00fcrenler de var. Garavito\u2019nun bu iddiaya kar\u015f\u0131 durdu\u011fu yer \u201cdaha optimist\u201d bir noktada olsa da, d\u00fcnya genelinde insan haklar\u0131 hareketi ve sivil toplumun \u00e7ok ciddi bir kriz i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu da yads\u0131m\u0131yor. Mesele daha \u00e7ok, eski y\u00f6ntemlerin i\u015fe yaramamas\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cte\u015fhir etmek ve utand\u0131rmak\u201d (<em>naming and shaming<\/em>) insan haklar\u0131 alan\u0131nda eskiden i\u015fe yarayabilen bir y\u00f6ntemdi. Ancak, Garavito\u2019nun da vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerini if\u015fa etmek, pop\u00fclist liderler \u00fczerinde uluslararas\u0131 bask\u0131 olu\u015fturup tav\u0131r de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yaratacak etkide de\u011fil art\u0131k. Bunun sebepleri \u00e7e\u015fitli: Bir kere, pop\u00fclist liderler ger\u00e7ekten de \u201cutanmazlar\u201d. Onlar\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 platformlarda, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ile utand\u0131rmak, \u201cteflon tava\u201d misali \u00fczerlerine bir \u015fey yap\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 nedeniyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Ayr\u0131ca, hak ihlalleri ve hukuk devleti ilkelerinin a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, art\u0131k ABD ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi genelinde de ya\u015fanan bir durum. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, uluslararas\u0131 kurumlar ve Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinden gelecek uyar\u0131lar ve yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n da pop\u00fclist liderler \u00fczerinde bir etkisi olam\u0131yor. Macaristan ve Polonya gibi kendi \u00fcyelerindeki sivil toplumun faaliyet alan\u0131n\u0131n daralmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00e7aresiz kal\u0131yor.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anti-elitizm; \u201cse\u00e7kinlik kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d s\u00f6ylemleriyle kendilerine me\u015fruiyet kazand\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, kendi \u00f6nlerine \u00e7\u0131kan herkesi ve her \u015feyi ezebilecek bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimseyen pop\u00fclist hareketlerin ortak \u00f6zelli\u011fi, Garavito\u2019nun deyi\u015fiyle, \u201cradikal ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fck\u201d. Bu \u201cho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d de, kaba bir bask\u0131 \u015feklinde de\u011fil, se\u00e7kinlere kar\u015f\u0131 me\u015fru bir m\u00fccadele gibi \u00e7er\u00e7eveliyorlar. Tabanda ger\u00e7ekten var olan e\u015fitsizlik gibi sorunlar\u0131, \u201cd\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7 mihraklar\u201d gibi yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcnah ke\u00e7ilerine mal ediyorlar. Yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 bask\u0131 ortam\u0131n\u0131 da bu \u015fekilde me\u015fru ve mazur g\u00f6steriyorlar.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/esithaklar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/img_6059d59520d82.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"577\" height=\"320\"\/><figcaption><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#202122;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> Open Global Rights sitesinde &#8216;<\/span><a style=\"text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openglobalrights.org\/strategies\/futures\/\"><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#1155cc;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">gelecekler<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#202122;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">&#8216;, &#8216;<\/span><a style=\"text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openglobalrights.org\/strategies\/narratives\/\"><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#1155cc;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">anlat\u0131lar<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#202122;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">&#8216;, &#8216;<\/span><a style=\"text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openglobalrights.org\/strategies\/funding\/\"><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#1155cc;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">fonlama<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#202122;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">&#8216; gibi farkl\u0131 strateji ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda yaz\u0131 dizileri bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7elikkan\u2019\u0131n pop\u00fclist liderlerin \u201canti-elitizm\u201d takti\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131, sivil toplumun nas\u0131l taktikler benimsemesi gerekti\u011fi sorusuna yan\u0131t olarak Garavito, \u00f6ncelikle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openglobalrights.org\/\">Open Global Rights<\/a>\u2019\u0131n internet sitesinde bu konuya odakl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, yay\u0131mlanan yeni bir dizide d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 yerlerinde bu t\u00fcr h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verme \u00f6rneklerini&nbsp; aktard\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. \u015eu noktaya da dikkat \u00e7ekiyor: Daha \u00f6nceleri kurumsal \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7inde, hukuki de\u011fi\u015fikler ve kamu kurumlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ama\u00e7layan bir m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imi benimsenirken, pop\u00fclist hareketlere kar\u015f\u0131 bu taktik eskisi gibi i\u015fe yaram\u0131yor. Garavito\u2019nun da ifadesiyle, daha az kurumsal, daha tabandan hareketlere odaklanmak gerekiyor. Bu t\u00fcr spontan hareketler, pop\u00fclist hareketlerin topluma yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tezleri \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcterek halk\u0131n pop\u00fclistlerin sundu\u011fundan farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri olabilece\u011fini de ortaya koyuyorlar. Bir yandan, \u201cmizah\u201d gibi pop\u00fclistlerin sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u201cg\u00fcc\u00fc\u201d kullan\u0131rken; di\u011fer yandan da, halk\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin tek bir y\u00f6nde ve ille de g\u00fcnah ke\u00e7isi olarak \u00e7er\u00e7evelenen gruplara kar\u015f\u0131 \u201cd\u00fc\u015fmanca\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Bu tarz hareketlere \u0130svi\u00e7re merkezli <a href=\"https:\/\/www.operation-libero.ch\/de\">\u201cOperation Libero<\/a>\u201d \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilebilir. \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de Ekim 2014\u2019te g\u00f6\u00e7men kabul\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 referandumun ertesinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen Operation Libero, \u201czihinsel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u201d, \u201cayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ve \u201cilerici g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin\u201d yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle online aktivizmi ve dijital teknolojilerin sundu\u011fu imkanlar\u0131 kullanan Operation Libero\u2019nun ba\u015fl\u0131ca taktiklerinden biri de, \u201cmizah\u0131\u201d \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131 k\u0131rmak ve fikirleri de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullanmak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/esithaklar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/img_6059d5967ddb7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"497\" height=\"298\"\/><figcaption><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#202122;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> Operation Libre&#8217;nin \u0130svi\u00e7re&#8217;de sa\u011f pop\u00fclizm kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131na dair<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2019\/apr\/07\/we-had-to-fight-operation-libero-the-swiss-youth-group-taking-on-populism\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\"><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#202122;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#1155cc;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Guardian&#8217;da \u00e7\u0131kan yaz\u0131y\u0131<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size:13.999999999999998pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#202122;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> okuyabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>COVID-19 Pandemisi, sivil toplum i\u00e7in i\u015fleri daha da zor hale getirdi. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce sivil toplumun y\u00fcz y\u00fcze ileti\u015fim kurma imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131. Dahas\u0131 d\u00fcnya genelinde h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, Covid-19 Pandemisi\u2019ni toplum \u00fczerindeki denetimi artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir f\u0131rsat olarak kullan\u0131yor. Ancak, bu d\u00f6nem ayn\u0131 zamanda, kurumlar ve b\u00fcrokrasinin etkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n daha da \u00f6nemli hale geldi\u011fi bir zaman dilimi de oldu. Dahas\u0131, \u201cnormal \u015fartlarda\u201d bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc ortakla\u015famayan baz\u0131 hak hareketlerini de birbiriyle yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Garavito\u2019nun belirtti\u011fi gibi, i\u015f\u00e7i hareketleriyle k\u00fcresel iklim krizi aktivizmi aras\u0131nda COVID-19 Pandemisi Krizi\u2019nin getirdi\u011fi bir ortakla\u015fma do\u011fdu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pop\u00fclist hareketler ve otoriter iktidarlara kar\u015f\u0131 en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc taktik, dayan\u0131\u015fma ve k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta farkl\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 hareketlerinin birbirlerinden \u00f6\u011frenmesi. Pop\u00fclist hareketlerin de ortak hareket etme e\u011filiminde oldu\u011fu ve birbirlerinden \u201c\u00f6\u011frendikleri\u201d s\u0131kl\u0131kla dile getirilen bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce. Pop\u00fclizm \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan tarih\u00e7i ve filozof Jan Werner-M\u00fcller ise aksi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte. Joe Biden\u2019\u0131n ABD\u2019deki se\u00e7im zaferinin d\u00fcnya genelinde pop\u00fclizmin sonunu getirip getirmeyece\u011fini sorgulayan \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.project-syndicate.org\/commentary\/trump-and-the-fate-of-populist-authoritarian-leaders-worldwide-by-jan-werner-mueller-2021-01\">All Quiet on the Populist Front<\/a>?\u201d adl\u0131 makalede \u015f\u00f6yle diyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cSon y\u0131llarda d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kas\u0131p kavuran pop\u00fclist bir \u2018dalga\u2019 hakk\u0131ndaki kli\u015fenin aksine, pop\u00fclist liderlerin y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00f6nemli uluslararas\u0131 etkilere sahip de\u011fildir. H\u0131rs\u0131zlar aras\u0131nda onur olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, s\u00f6zde \u2018Pop\u00fclist Enternasyonal\u2019 aras\u0131nda da ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu zaman dayan\u0131\u015fma s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131. Trump\u2019\u0131n, Hindistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Narendra Modi, \u0130srail Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Binyamin Netanyahu ve hatta Rusya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Vladimir Putin gibi dostlar\u0131, sonunda Joe Biden\u2019\u0131n se\u00e7im zaferini kabul ettiler.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u0131rs\u0131zlar aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekten de \u201conur\u201d olmayabilir. Ancak, dayan\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7indeki insan haklar\u0131 aktivistleri ve tabandaki hareketler aras\u0131nda ilkelerin getirdi\u011fi do\u011fal bir ortakl\u0131k var. Bunun sadece daha fazla a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dizinin di\u011fer panelleri:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#2 - \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve G\u00f6zetim Sarkac\u0131nda Dijital Haklar\"><strong>#2 &#8211; \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve G\u00f6zetim Sarkac\u0131nda Dijital Haklar<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/2021\/04\/lgbti-aktivizminde-daralan-alanlar\/\"><strong>#3 &#8211; LGBT\u0130+ Aktivizminde Daralan Alanlar<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yaz\u0131 dizisi # 1: Sezin \u00d6ney Haf\u0131za Merkezi ve&nbsp;E\u015fit Haklar \u0130\u00e7in \u0130zleme Derne\u011fi\u2019nin&nbsp;Hollanda Helsinki Komitesi deste\u011fiyle d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u201cDaralan Demokratik Alan ve Uluslararas\u0131 Dayan\u0131\u015fma\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 panel serisi, d\u00fcnya genelinde sivil toplumun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin ku\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 konusuna kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 bir perspektiften bak\u0131yordu. Paneller serisi, bir yandan demokrasi a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sivil alanda ya\u015fanan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6311,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[265,22,39],"tags":[42,307,306],"class_list":["post-6307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-daralan-sivil-alan-ve-uluslararasi-dayanisma","category-duyurular","category-genel","tag-insan-haklari","tag-insan-haklari-savunuculari","tag-sessizkalma"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6307","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6307"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6307\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6437,"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6307\/revisions\/6437"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6307"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}