{"id":7580,"date":"2022-04-04T11:46:58","date_gmt":"2022-04-04T08:46:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/?p=7580"},"modified":"2022-09-20T12:55:24","modified_gmt":"2022-09-20T09:55:24","slug":"podcast-yasaksiz-meydan-28-orantisiz-guc-kullanimi-gucunu-cezasizliktan-aliyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/2022\/04\/04\/podcast-yasaksiz-meydan-28-orantisiz-guc-kullanimi-gucunu-cezasizliktan-aliyor\/","title":{"rendered":"Podcast: Yasaks\u0131z Meydan 28 &#8211; &#8220;Orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc cezas\u0131zl\u0131ktan al\u0131yor&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E\u015fit Haklar \u0130\u00e7in \u0130zleme Derne\u011fi ve K\u0131sa Dalga i\u015fbirli\u011finde haz\u0131rlanan Yasaks\u0131z Meydan\u2019\u0131n bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Zeynep Duygu A\u011fbay\u0131r\u2019\u0131n konu\u011fu Avukat \u0130dil Mahmuto\u011flu; Adana\u2019da Furkan Vakf\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen g\u00f6steriye kar\u015f\u0131 polisin sert m\u00fcdahalesinin ard\u0131ndan, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6sterilere m\u00fcdahalelerde orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 i\u00e7tihatlara g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Spotify Embed: &quot;ORANTISIZ G\u00dc\u00c7 KULLANIMI G\u00dcC\u00dcN\u00dc CEZASIZLIKTAN ALIYOR&quot;\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/episode\/7sPUA2VlB6QyYM3zvcIR4z?si=A1r0rtRdT-m_wKpEZcSSqg&#038;utm_source=oembed\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E\u015fit Haklar \u0130\u00e7in \u0130zleme Derne\u011fi ve K\u0131sa Dalga i\u015fbirli\u011finde haz\u0131rlanan Yasaks\u0131z Meydan\u2019\u0131n bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Zeynep Duygu A\u011fbay\u0131r\u2019\u0131n konu\u011fu Avukat \u0130dil Mahmuto\u011flu; Adana\u2019da Furkan Vakf\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen g\u00f6steriye kar\u015f\u0131 polisin sert m\u00fcdahalesinin ard\u0131ndan, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6sterilere m\u00fcdahalelerde orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 i\u00e7tihatlara g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2911 KAUZ\u0130ST\u0130K D\u00dcZENLENM\u0130\u015e B\u0130R KANUN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Av. Mahmuto\u011flu, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6sterilere y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalelerin hukuki boyutunu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cM\u00fcdahaleleri \u00fc\u00e7 erk bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirebiliriz: Yasama, y\u00fcr\u00fctme, yarg\u0131. \u00d6ncelikle yasaman\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesinden ba\u015flayal\u0131m. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olarak orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n temelinde bir m\u00fcdahale yat\u0131yor. M\u00fcdahale edebilmek i\u00e7in de toplanma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itibaren kanun d\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu veya yasal kriterlere uygun olarak ba\u015flay\u0131p daha sonra kanun d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir toplanmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi sebebiyle m\u00fcdahale edilebiliyor. Bu da yasayla tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor: 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplant\u0131 G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri Kanunu ile. Bu kanun olduk\u00e7a kazuistik d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bir kanun.&nbsp;Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla asl\u0131nda kanun d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak belirtilen kriterler \u00e7ok detayl\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kanunda belirtilen \u015fekil ve \u015fartlara uygun bi\u00e7imde bildirim verilmeden yap\u0131lmas\u0131, belirtilen g\u00fcn ve saatten \u00f6nce veya sonra yap\u0131lmas\u0131. Asl\u0131nda spontan g\u00f6steriler ve toplanmalar uluslararas\u0131 standartta kabul edilebilir. Ancak uygulamaya bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda maalesef bu olmuyor. Bizim Anayasam\u0131zda da 34. maddede d\u00fczenlenen: \u2018Herkes izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleyebilir\u2019 diye bir maddemiz var. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu asl\u0131nda spontan toplanmalar\u0131 da i\u00e7ine al\u0131yor. Fakat kazuistik olarak d\u00fczenlenen Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri Kanunu neticesinde spontan toplanmalar m\u00fcdahaleye a\u00e7\u0131k oluyor. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yine 2015&#8217;te d\u00fczenlenen \u0130\u00e7 G\u00fcvenlik Paketi ile birlikte \u00e7ok daha sert d\u00fczenlemeler s\u00f6z konusu hale geldi. \u00d6rne\u011fin yaln\u0131zca d\u00f6viz ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z o tahta bile bir silah say\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Normal so\u011fuktan korunmak i\u00e7in boynumuza sard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir \u015fal biber gaz\u0131 gelmesin diye y\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcze kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda yine m\u00fcdahale edilebilme kriteri olarak belirlendi. Yani \u00e7ok kazuistik ve hakk\u0131 kullanmamaya y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenlemeler s\u00f6z konusu. Daha sonra da y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin m\u00fcdahalesi dedi\u011fimiz nokta ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Burada da da\u011f\u0131tma s\u00f6z konusu.Erteleme, yasaklama, yerin belirlenmesi, kay\u0131t alt\u0131na alma ve uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma&#8230; Yasaklama ve erteleme son d\u00f6nemde hepimizin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00f6zellikle pandemi gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek yap\u0131lan bir \u015fey. Ancak pandemi kurallar\u0131na uygun bir bi\u00e7imde herkes toplanma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn tabii ki kullanabilir ve erteleme ve yasaklama oldu\u011fu halde yine de bir toplanma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa yine m\u00fcdahaleyi gerektirmez.<br><br><br>Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131ldan anlamam\u0131z gereken \u015fey de; silahs\u0131z ve sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131 yeterlidir. Devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gere\u011fince de asl\u0131nda bireylerin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 gerekmekte. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir de \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi m\u00fcdahaleleri var. Buna \u00f6rnek olarak Gezi&#8217;deki palal\u0131 sald\u0131rgan\u0131 verebiliriz. Burada devletin yine negatif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc devreye giriyor. Eylemcileri korumas\u0131 gerekir, haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumalar\u0131 i\u00e7in. Da\u011f\u0131tmak yerine bu toplanmay\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karan ki\u015fileri uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 gerekir. Yani asl\u0131nda m\u00fcdahale edilme ve edilmeme sebeplerini bu \u015fekilde anlatabiliriz. Bizim kriterlerimiz nedir peki m\u00fcdahale edilmesi halinde: \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k, makul s\u00fcre tan\u0131nmas\u0131. Yani bundan ne anlayabiliriz: Bir ihtar yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iftara uyulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in eylemcilere makul bir s\u00fcre verilmesi. T\u00fcrkiye bu konuda Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi&#8217;nde maalesef \u00e7ok yarg\u0131land\u0131. Saat 13.50\u2019de slogan atmaya ba\u015flayan bir \u00f6\u011frenci eyleminde saat 15&#8217;de g\u00f6zalt\u0131 tutanaklar\u0131 tutulmu\u015ftu mesela. Yani bunlar \u00e7ok kabul edilebilir \u015feyler de\u011fil. Bu da bir orant\u0131s\u0131z m\u00fcdahaledir. Bununla birlikte ne zaman yine g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan bir m\u00fcdahale edilebilir? Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k bitti\u011fi zaman, silahlar ve sald\u0131r\u0131lar devreye girdi\u011fi zaman. G\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 fiili sald\u0131r\u0131lar, mukavemet oldu\u011fu zaman ancak devreye girebilir. Fakat m\u00fcdahale kademeli bir bi\u00e7imde olmal\u0131. Yani siz size mukavemet g\u00f6sterenle orant\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde m\u00fcdahale etmelisiniz ona kar\u015f\u0131. Ve arkas\u0131nda onun e\u011fer \u015fiddeti art\u0131yorsa siz de \u015fiddeti artt\u0131rabilirsiniz. Yani \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesinden asla vazge\u00e7ilmemesi gerekiyor. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda direni\u015fi k\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla ve bu direni\u015fi k\u0131racak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde olmal\u0131. Yani g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 gaz s\u0131kmak, evet yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda; fakat bunun usul\u00fc ve y\u00f6netmelikleri var. Bizdeki y\u00f6netmelik Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi&#8217;nce yeterli korumaya sahip bulunmuyor a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131. Yani bu kriterlere uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z s\u00fcrece bir m\u00fcdahalenin hukuki boyutundan bahsetmemiz a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0130\u015eKENCE YASA\u011eI HERHANG\u0130 B\u0130R SINIRLAMA SEBEB\u0130NE BA\u011eLI DE\u011e\u0130L, MUTLAKTIR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avukat \u0130dil Mahmuto\u011flu, orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi \u015f\u00f6yle ifade ediyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201ci\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 hem Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi&#8217;nde \u2013ki biz de taraf\u0131y\u0131z- hem de bizim Anayasam\u0131zda d\u00fczenlendi. Herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fil, mutlakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fkence ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve t\u00fcm bu insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 muameleler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Mahkeme bu yasaya ili\u015fkin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k e\u015fi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131yor. Bir fiil veya cezan\u0131n belli bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k e\u015fi\u011finin \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131yor ve buna ili\u015fkin de somut deliller ar\u0131yor. Aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 da \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klayabiliriz: Kollu\u011fun zor kullanma yetkisinin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu durumlarda m\u00fcdahalenin orant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. Yetkide s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6z konusu olur. Kolluk taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6stericilere yap\u0131lan yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturulacak muameleye \u00f6rnek olarak da mesela \u015funlar\u0131 verebiliriz: Yakalanm\u0131\u015f bir eylemciye g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 gaz s\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00f6stericilerin kafas\u0131na copla vurulmas\u0131, eylemcinin sa\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesini \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterebiliriz. Bu \u00f6rnekler maalesef Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi&#8217;nin T\u00fcrkiye hakk\u0131nda ihlal karar\u0131 verdi\u011fi davalardan \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6rnekler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 tamamen birbiriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131. Orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendiriliyor. Hem Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi&#8217;nde hem de T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de. Yaln\u0131zca de\u011ferlendirme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli n\u00fcanslar var diyebiliriz. Fakat ikisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da s\u00f6ylenebilecek kamu d\u00fczeni a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tehlike olu\u015fturmayan ve \u015fiddet i\u00e7ermeyen davran\u0131\u015flara devletin sab\u0131r ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc g\u00f6stermesi \u00e7o\u011fulcu demokrasinin gere\u011fidir. Her iki mahkeme de yani Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi de Anayasa Mahkemesi de bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 budur. Maddi ve usuli y\u00f6nden ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilir. Maddi y\u00f6nden incelendi\u011finde, devletin negatif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda kal\u0131r bu muameleler. K\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n maddi boyutunu olu\u015fturmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de somut deliller aran\u0131r. Usuli boyutunu ise etkin bir soru\u015fturma yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bu \u015fekilde \u00f6zetleyebiliriz\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ORANTISIZ G\u00dc\u00c7 KULLANIMI G\u00dcC\u00dcN\u00dc CEZASIZLIKTAN ALIYOR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mahmuto\u011flu, kamu otoritelerinin cezas\u0131zl\u0131k ba\u011flam\u0131nda orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131nda sorumlu olduklar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle ifade ediyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cMaalesef ki orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc cezas\u0131zl\u0131ktan al\u0131yor. M\u00fcdahalenin orant\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 cezas\u0131zl\u0131k olduk\u00e7a artmaya devam edecek. Fakat yine de son d\u00f6nemde bizim a\u00e7\u0131m\u0131zdan sevindirici bir husus var: Anayasa Mahkemesi bu husustaki cezas\u0131zl\u0131kla ilgili \u00e7ok fazla ihlal karar\u0131 verdi. Tabii ki bu seneler i\u00e7indeki i\u00e7tihat geli\u015fimiyle de ilgili, fakat bu bizim i\u00e7in sevindirici bir \u015fey. Cezas\u0131zl\u0131k kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etkiye sahip. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kimse kendisine orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 uygulanarak g\u00fcn sonunda fiziksel \u015fiddete maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131 bir yere gitmek istemeyecek ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla toplanma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de kullanamayacakt\u0131r. Bu dolayl\u0131 y\u00f6nden yine toplanma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 bir m\u00fcdahaleyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyor, yarg\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahaleyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyor. (&#8230;) G\u00f6sterilerin, g\u00f6stericilerin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fi, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uygunlu\u011funa denetlenmesinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, etkili ve tarafs\u0131z prosed\u00fcrleri hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi en b\u00fcy\u00fck tavsiyelerden biri. Fakat bizde maalesef etkili bir soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lm\u0131yordu. Bu yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturmalarda herhangi bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde savc\u0131l\u0131klar taraf\u0131ndan dahi sadece polis fezlekesi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak iddianame d\u00fczenleniyor veyahut da kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair karar veriliyordu. Fakat bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri kabul edilebilir \u015feyler de\u011fil. Zira bir bireyin devlet g\u00f6revlisi taraf\u0131ndan hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye tabi tutuldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin bir iddias\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde bir resmi soru\u015fturman\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmekte, \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fcn kapat\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekmekte. Soru\u015fturma sorumlular\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de bu soru\u015fturma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n uygun olmas\u0131 gerekmekte. Yani soru\u015fturman\u0131n etkilili\u011fi ve yeterlili\u011finden bahsedilebilmesi i\u00e7in soru\u015fturma makamlar\u0131n\u0131n resen harekete ge\u00e7mesi, olay\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatacak sorumlular\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin t\u00fcm delilleri eksiksiz toplamas\u0131 gerekecek.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>E\u015fit Haklar \u0130\u00e7in \u0130zleme Derne\u011fi ve K\u0131sa Dalga ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Yasaks\u0131z Meydan, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri hakk\u0131 engellenen ve seslerini kamuoyuna duyurmak isteyenlerin platformu olmaya devam ediyor. E\u011fer siz de toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri hakk\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsan\u0131z ya da bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri hakk\u0131na dair s\u00f6ylemek istedikleriniz varsa, E\u015fit Haklar \u0130\u00e7in \u0130zleme Derne\u011fi ve Yasaks\u0131z Meydan ekibine esithaklar@gmail.com adresinden ve sosyal medya hesaplar\u0131m\u0131zdan ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>S\u00d6YLE\u015e\u0130N\u0130N TAM METN\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>ZD: E\u015fit Haklar \u0130\u00e7in \u0130zleme Derne\u011fi ve K\u0131sa Dalga i\u015fbirli\u011fi ile Yasaks\u0131z Meydan ba\u015fl\u0131yor, ben Zeynep Duygu A\u011fbay\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde konu\u011fumuz Avukat \u0130dil Mahmuto\u011flu. Ho\u015f geldiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130M: Merhabalar, ho\u015f bulduk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ZD: G\u00f6sterilerde darp, cop, biber gaz\u0131, tazyikli su, ger\u00e7ek ve plastik mermi kullan\u0131m\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yeni bir olgu de\u011fil. E\u015eH\u0130D (E\u015fit Haklar \u0130\u00e7in \u0130zleme Derne\u011fi) olarak 2015 Ekim ay\u0131nda ba\u015flayan veri toplama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 sonuna kadar 3329 bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steriye m\u00fcdahale edildi\u011fini; bunlar\u0131n 1627\u2019sinde orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 ve zor kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Yani toplam m\u00fcdahalelerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 49\u2019unda bu y\u00f6ntemlerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Halbuki uluslararas\u0131 standartlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan devletlerin bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steriler ile kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 koruma ba\u011flam\u0131nda pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri bulundu\u011funu biliyoruz. Temelde, yani esas olan, kamu otoriteleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplant\u0131lar\u0131n devam\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermeli, k\u0131s\u0131tlamalara gereksiz \u015fekilde ba\u015fvurmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Tam da buradan hareket ile Furkan Vakf\u0131&#8217;na de\u011finelim isterim. Son y\u0131llarda g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz ki Furkan Vakf\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n t\u00fcm bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l eylem ve etkinlikleri, m\u00fclki idare kararlar\u0131 ve kolluk kuvvetleri m\u00fcdahalesi ile engellenmekte. Hatta ge\u00e7en hafta da bunu g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Furkan Vakf\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n Adana&#8217;da d\u00fczenlemek istedi\u011fi bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe polisin plastik mermi, biber gaz\u0131 ve copla orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak \u00e7ok sert m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu ya\u015fananlar\u0131n hukuki temeli nedir, hukuki a\u00e7\u0131dan de\u011ferlendirir misiniz? Polisin orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 standartlar ve ulusal mevzuat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan nereye tekab\u00fcl etmektedir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130M: Asl\u0131nda bunu \u00fc\u00e7 erk bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirebiliriz, yani m\u00fcdahalenin \u00fc\u00e7 erki diyelim buna: yasama, y\u00fcr\u00fctme, yarg\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan. \u015eimdi \u00f6ncelikle yasaman\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesinden ba\u015flayal\u0131m. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olarak orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n temelinde bir m\u00fcdahale yat\u0131yor. M\u00fcdahale edebilmek i\u00e7in de toplanma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kanun-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itibaren veya yasal olarak ba\u015flay\u0131p yasal kriterlere uygun olarak ba\u015flay\u0131p daha sonra kanun d\u0131\u015f\u0131na kanun d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir toplanmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi sebebiyle m\u00fcdahale edilebiliyor. Bu da yasayla tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor: 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplant\u0131 G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri Kanunu ile. Bu kanun olduk\u00e7a kazuistik d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bir kanun. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla asl\u0131nda kanun d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak belirtilen kriterler \u00e7ok detayl\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kanunda belirtilen \u015fekil ve \u015fartlara uygun bi\u00e7imde bildirim verilmeden yap\u0131lmas\u0131, belirtilen g\u00fcn ve saatten \u00f6nce veya sonra yap\u0131lmas\u0131. Asl\u0131nda spontan g\u00f6steriler ve toplanmalar uluslararas\u0131 standartta kabul edilebilir. Ancak uygulamaya bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda maalesef bu olmuyor. Bizim Anayasam\u0131zda da 34. maddede d\u00fczenlenen: \u201cHerkes izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleyebilir\u201d diye bir maddemiz var. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu asl\u0131nda spontan toplanmalar\u0131 da i\u00e7ine al\u0131yor. Fakat kazuistik olarak d\u00fczenlenen Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri Kanunu neticesinde spontan toplanmalar m\u00fcdahaleye a\u00e7\u0131k oluyor. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yine 2015&#8217;te d\u00fczenlenen \u0130\u00e7 G\u00fcvenlik Paketi ile birlikte \u00e7ok daha sert d\u00fczenlemeler s\u00f6z konusu hale geldi. \u00d6rne\u011fin yaln\u0131zca d\u00f6viz ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z o tahta bile bir silah say\u0131ld\u0131. Normal so\u011fuktan korunmak i\u00e7in boynumuza sard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir \u015fal biber gaz\u0131 gelmesin diye y\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcze kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda yine m\u00fcdahale edilebilme kriteri olarak belirlendi. Yani \u00e7ok kazuistik ve hakk\u0131 kullanmamaya y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenlemeler s\u00f6z konusu. \u00d6ncelikle bir yasaman\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesi var, daha sonra da y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin m\u00fcdahalesi dedi\u011fimiz nokta ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Burada da da\u011f\u0131tma s\u00f6z konusu. Erteleme, yasaklama, yerin belirlenmesi, kay\u0131t alt\u0131na alma ve uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma&#8230; Yasaklama ve erteleme son d\u00f6nemde hepimizin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00f6zellikle pandemi gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek yap\u0131lan bir \u015fey. Ancak pandemi kurallar\u0131na uygun bir bi\u00e7imde herkes toplanma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn tabii ki kullanabilir ve erteleme ve yasaklama oldu\u011fu halde yine de bir toplanma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa yine m\u00fcdahaleyi gerektirmez. Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131ldan anlamam\u0131z gereken \u015fey de silahs\u0131z ve sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131 yeterlidir. Devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gere\u011fince de asl\u0131nda bireylerin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 gerekmekte. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir de \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi m\u00fcdahaleleri var. Buna \u00f6rnek olarak Gezi&#8217;deki palal\u0131 sald\u0131rgan\u0131 verebiliriz. Burada devletin yine negatif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc devreye giriyor. Eylemcileri korumas\u0131 gerekir, haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumalar\u0131 i\u00e7in. Da\u011f\u0131tmak yerine bu toplanmay\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karan ki\u015fileri uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 gerekir. Yani asl\u0131nda m\u00fcdahale edilme ve edilmeme sebeplerini bu \u015fekilde anlatabiliriz. Bizim kriterlerimiz nedir peki m\u00fcdahale edilmesi halinde: \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k, makul s\u00fcre tan\u0131nmas\u0131. Yani bundan ne anlayabiliriz: Bir ihtar yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iftara uyulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in eylemcilere makul bir s\u00fcre verilmesi. T\u00fcrkiye bu konuda Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi&#8217;nde maalesef \u00e7ok yarg\u0131land\u0131. Saat 13.50\u2019de slogan atmaya ba\u015flayan bir \u00f6\u011frenci eyleminde saat 15&#8217;de g\u00f6zalt\u0131 tutanaklar\u0131 tutulmu\u015ftu mesela. Yani bunlar \u00e7ok kabul edilebilir \u015feyler de\u011fil. Bu da bir orant\u0131s\u0131z m\u00fcdahaledir. Bununla birlikte ne zaman yine g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan bir m\u00fcdahale edilebilir? Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k bitti\u011fi zaman, silahlar ve sald\u0131r\u0131lar devreye girdi\u011fi zaman. G\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 fiili sald\u0131r\u0131lar, mukavemet oldu\u011fu zaman ancak devreye girebilir. Fakat m\u00fcdahale kademeli bir bi\u00e7imde olmal\u0131. Yani siz size mukavemet g\u00f6sterenle orant\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde m\u00fcdahale etmelisiniz ona kar\u015f\u0131. Ve arkas\u0131nda onun e\u011fer \u015fiddeti art\u0131yorsa siz de \u015fiddeti artt\u0131rabilirsiniz. Yani \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesinden asla vazge\u00e7ilmemesi gerekiyor. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda direni\u015fi k\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla ve bu direni\u015fi k\u0131racak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde olmal\u0131. Yani g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 gaz s\u0131kmak, evet yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda; fakat bunun usul\u00fc ve y\u00f6netmelikleri var. Bizdeki y\u00f6netmelik Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi&#8217;nce yeterli korumaya sahip bulunmuyor a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131. Yani bu kriterlere uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z s\u00fcrece bir m\u00fcdahalenin hukuki boyutundan bahsetmemiz a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ZD: Tam da buradan asl\u0131nda \u015funu sormak istiyorum: \u0130\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 ile orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye de\u011finebilir misiniz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130M: Tabii, i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 hem Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi&#8217;nde \u2013ki biz de taraf\u0131y\u0131z- hem de bizim Anayasam\u0131zda d\u00fczenlendi. Herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fil, mutlakt\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fmede bu kavramlar \u00e7ok geni\u015f d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, daha sonra i\u00e7tihatlarla somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ama \u015f\u00f6yle ifade edebiliriz: \u0130\u015fkence ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve t\u00fcm bu insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 muameleler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Bu i\u00e7tihattan al\u0131nma bir c\u00fcmle, bunu s\u00f6yleyebilirim. Mahkeme bu yasaya ili\u015fkin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k e\u015fi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131yor. Bir fiil veya cezan\u0131n belli bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k e\u015fi\u011finin \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131yor ve buna ili\u015fkin de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 somut deliller ar\u0131yor. Aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 da \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klayabiliriz: Kollu\u011fun zor kullanma yetkisinin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu durumlarda m\u00fcdahalenin orant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. Yetkide s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6z konusu olur. Kolluk taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6stericilere yap\u0131lan yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturulacak muamele \u00f6rnek olarak da mesela \u015funlar\u0131 verebiliriz: Yakalanm\u0131\u015f bir eylemciye g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 gaz s\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00f6stericilerin kafas\u0131na copla vurulmas\u0131, eylemcinin sa\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesini \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterebiliriz. Ve bu \u00f6rnekler maalesef Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi&#8217;nin T\u00fcrkiye hakk\u0131nda ihlal karar\u0131 verdi\u011fi davalardan \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6rnekler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 tamamen birbiriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131. Ve orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendiriliyor. Hem Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi&#8217;nde hem de T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de. Yaln\u0131zca de\u011ferlendirme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli n\u00fcanslar var diyebiliriz. Fakat ikisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da s\u00f6ylenebilecek kamu d\u00fczeni a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tehlike olu\u015fturmayan ve \u015fiddet i\u00e7ermeyen davran\u0131\u015flara devletin sab\u0131r ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc g\u00f6stermesi \u00e7o\u011fulcu demokrasinin gere\u011fidir. Her iki mahkeme de yani Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi de Anayasa Mahkemesi de bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 budur. Maddi ve usul\u00fc y\u00f6nden ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilir. Maddi y\u00f6nden incelendi\u011finde, devletin negatif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda kal\u0131r bu muameleler. K\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n maddi boyutunu olu\u015fturmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de somut deliller aran\u0131r. Usuli boyutunu ise etkin bir soru\u015fturma yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bu \u015fekilde \u00f6zetleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ZD: Yine buradan bir soruyla gelece\u011fim \u015fimdi. Furkan Vakf\u0131\u2019na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalede de biz asl\u0131nda bu s\u00f6ylediklerinizin \u00e7o\u011funa \u015fahitlik ettik, sosyal medyaya yans\u0131yan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla. Asl\u0131nda Nisan 2021\u2019de Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir genelge ile g\u00f6revli polislerin ses ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve sosyal medyada payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00f6revi yapmay\u0131 engelledi\u011fi ve \u00f6zel hayat\u0131n gizlili\u011fini ihlal etti\u011fi gerek\u00e7eleri ile yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Genelgeye ili\u015fkin Kas\u0131m 2021\u2019de Dan\u0131\u015ftay taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi durdurma karar\u0131 verildi. Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc&#8217;n\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc yasa\u011f\u0131 genelgesi y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olsayd\u0131 bu olaydan nas\u0131l haberdar olacakt\u0131k?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130M: Bu haberden, bu olaydan haberdar olamayacakt\u0131k. Bu sadece T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli de\u011fil, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc toplanma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ifade etmenin kolektif bi\u00e7imi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da kamuoyu olu\u015fturma potansiyeli var ve bu da t\u00fcm iktidarlar\u0131, t\u00fcm devletleri korkutan bir \u015fey asl\u0131nda. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bunu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hi\u00e7bir yerinde \u00f6\u011frenemezdik, a\u00e7\u0131k ve net.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ZD: Orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili olarak \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kan bir di\u011fer konuda cezas\u0131zl\u0131k. K\u0131sa bir hat\u0131rlatma yapmak istiyorum: Ataman Grubu davalar\u0131nda Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi&#8217;nin temel bulgular\u0131 aras\u0131nda polis memurlar\u0131n\u0131n toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6sterilerde hak ihlali yaratan tasarruflar\u0131 ile ilgili yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n etkili olmamas\u0131n\u0131n, 3. maddenin yani i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, usul bak\u0131m\u0131ndan y\u00fckledi\u011fi pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu yer almaktad\u0131r. S\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde olumlu bir geli\u015fme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte. Furkan Vakf\u0131&#8217;na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin ard\u0131ndan valilik taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada 2 polis hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer almakta. Ancak g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler \u00e7ok daha fazla polisin oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermekte. Valili\u011fin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerine y\u00f6nelik cezas\u0131zl\u0131k ba\u011flam\u0131nda nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirebiliriz? Kamu otoritelerinin rol\u00fcn\u00fc konu\u015fal\u0131m isterim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130M: Maalesef ki orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc cezas\u0131zl\u0131ktan al\u0131yor. Bu \u00e7ok ac\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ek. M\u00fcdahalenin de maalesef ki orant\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 cezas\u0131zl\u0131k olduk\u00e7a artmaya devam edecek. Fakat yine de son d\u00f6nemde bizim a\u00e7\u0131m\u0131zdan sevindirici bir husus var: Anayasa Mahkemesi cezas\u0131zl\u0131kla ilgili, bu husustaki cezas\u0131zl\u0131kla ilgili \u00e7ok fazla ihlal karar\u0131 vard\u0131. Tabii ki bu seneler i\u00e7indeki i\u00e7tihat geli\u015fimiyle de ilgili, fakat bu bizim i\u00e7in sevindirici bir \u015fey. Cezas\u0131zl\u0131k cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etkiye sahip, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kimse kendisine orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 uygulanarak g\u00fcn sonunda fiziksel \u015fiddete maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131 bir yere gitmek istemeyecek ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla toplanma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de kullanamayacakt\u0131r. Bu dolayl\u0131 y\u00f6nden yine toplanma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 bir m\u00fcdahaleyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyor, yarg\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahaleyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyor. Bu da ba\u015fta konu\u015ftu\u011fumuz erklerin m\u00fcdahalesinin son sacaya\u011f\u0131 diyebiliriz. Ataman Grubu kararlar\u0131, bundan birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce halihaz\u0131rda Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi&#8217;nde T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin taraf oldu\u011fu davalar\u0131n, derdest davalar\u0131n 130 kadar olmas\u0131 sebebiyle ve verilen bir s\u00fcr\u00fc ihlal karar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kesinle\u015fmi\u015f ihlal karar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, hi\u00e7bir surette ad\u0131m at\u0131lmamas\u0131 sebebiyle olu\u015fturulmu\u015f davalar grubu. Burada genel \u00f6nlemler ve bireysel \u00f6nlemler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye tavsiye niteli\u011finde tavsiyeler verildi. \u00d6zellikle cezas\u0131zl\u0131k \u00fczerinde duruldu. Bu ba\u011flamda g\u00f6sterilerin, g\u00f6stericilerin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fi, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uygunlu\u011funa denetlenmesinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, etkili ve tarafs\u0131z prosed\u00fcrleri hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi en b\u00fcy\u00fck tavsiyelerden biri. Fakat bizde maalesef etkili bir soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lm\u0131yordu. Bu yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturmalarda herhangi bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde savc\u0131l\u0131klar taraf\u0131ndan dahi sadece polis fezlekesi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak iddianame d\u00fczenleniyordu veyahut da kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair karar veriliyordu. Fakat bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri kabul edilebilir \u015feyler de\u011fil. Zira bir bireyin devlet g\u00f6revlisi taraf\u0131ndan hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye tabi tutuldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin bir iddias\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde bir resmi soru\u015fturman\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmekte, \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fcn kapat\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekmekte. Soru\u015fturma sorumlular\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de bu soru\u015fturma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n uygun olmas\u0131 gerekmekte. Yani soru\u015fturman\u0131n etkilili\u011fi ve yeterlili\u011finden bahsedilebilmesi i\u00e7in soru\u015fturma makamlar\u0131n\u0131n resen harekete ge\u00e7mesi, olay\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatacak sorumlular\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin t\u00fcm delilleri eksiksiz toplamas\u0131 gerekecek. Yani bu bahsedilen bizde Nisan\u2019da verilen o kolluk kuvvetlerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131 asl\u0131nda bu tavsiye niteli\u011findeki kararlarla da tam olarak \u00e7eli\u015fiyor. Olaylar\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmaya y\u00f6nelik en b\u00fcy\u00fck delillerimiz her zaman bizim o kay\u0131tlar oluyor. Bununla birlikte k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele iddialar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi soru\u015fturma yine ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u015fekilde h\u0131zl\u0131 ve derinlikli olmal\u0131. Bizde maalesef senelerce uzuyor: Berkin Elvan davas\u0131 bunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6rne\u011fi, hepimizin g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Yetkililer olay ve olgular\u0131 ciddiyetle \u00f6\u011frenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131, soru\u015fturmay\u0131 sonland\u0131rma ya da kararlar\u0131n\u0131 temellendirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7abuk ve temelden yoksun sonu\u00e7lara varmamal\u0131. Burada kast\u0131m, demin bahsetti\u011fim hi\u00e7bir inceleme olmaks\u0131z\u0131n sadece fezlekeden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak olu\u015fturulacak bir iddianame veya kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair karar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ZD: G\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerine y\u00f6nelik etkili soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmedi\u011fini, aksine bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steriye kat\u0131lan ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik davalar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz, hatta biliyoruz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla cezas\u0131zl\u0131k ve yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etki hakk\u0131nda neler s\u00f6yleyebiliriz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130M: Cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etki kesinlikle cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k hem dolayl\u0131 y\u00f6nden hem de direkt olarak. Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steriye kat\u0131lan ki\u015filerin davalar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n olmas\u0131 ise korkun\u00e7 bir \u015fey asl\u0131nda. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 bile asl\u0131nda hakk\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcyle tamamen ayk\u0131r\u0131, \u00e7eli\u015fkili bir husus olu\u015fturuyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc siz demokratik bir hakk\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bu hukuka uygun \u015fekilde kullan\u0131yorsunuz, fakat hakk\u0131n\u0131zda dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor. Yani bu olmamas\u0131 gereken bir \u015fey. Beraat edilmesi veya yani yine korkun\u00e7 bir sonu\u00e7 olarak h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131 verilmesi yine cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etkiye sebep oluyor. Ve bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri asl\u0131nda hakk\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik devletin yine pozitif ve negatif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine uygun de\u011fil. Cezas\u0131zl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fimizde, yani bir kolluk g\u00f6revlisinin orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanmas\u0131 tamamen hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 iken ve soru\u015fturulma dahi verilmezken -\u00fcstelik 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda buna ili\u015fkin bir d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde- yani soru\u015fturma izni gerek olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken, yine pratikte kolluk g\u00f6revlileri hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma izni aran\u0131yor veya daha \u00fcst makamlardaki yetkili ki\u015filerin soru\u015fturulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin de bir izin h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yokken pratikte bir izin al\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u00fcreci ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 da yine cezas\u0131zl\u0131k olgusunu tamamen beslemekte. A\u0130HM orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanan kolluk kuvvetlerine ili\u015fkin herhangi bir etkili soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 ve sistematik cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla birlikte \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r bi\u00e7imde ele\u015ftiriyor. Ve fakat Anayasa mahkemesi bu durumu yaln\u0131zca usul bak\u0131m\u0131ndan incelemekle yetinmekte. Maalesef ki di\u011fer maddi unsurlara ili\u015fkin herhangi bir yorum yapmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ZD: Peki, bize kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in \u00e7ok te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130M: Ben te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ZD: E\u015fit Haklar \u0130\u00e7in \u0130zleme Derne\u011fi ve K\u0131sa Dalga i\u015fbirli\u011fi ile Yasaks\u0131z Meydan farkl\u0131 konu ve konuklarla iki haftada bir cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc sizlerle olmaya devam edecek. \u015eimdilik ho\u015f\u00e7a kal\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>E\u015fit Haklar \u0130\u00e7in \u0130zleme Derne\u011fi ve K\u0131sa Dalga i\u015fbirli\u011finde haz\u0131rlanan Yasaks\u0131z Meydan\u2019\u0131n bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Zeynep Duygu A\u011fbay\u0131r\u2019\u0131n konu\u011fu Avukat \u0130dil Mahmuto\u011flu; Adana\u2019da Furkan Vakf\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen g\u00f6steriye kar\u015f\u0131 polisin sert m\u00fcdahalesinin ard\u0131ndan, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6sterilere m\u00fcdahalelerde orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 i\u00e7tihatlara g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirdi. E\u015fit Haklar \u0130\u00e7in \u0130zleme [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5853,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[286,255],"tags":[23,258],"class_list":["post-7580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-toplanti-ve-gosteri-hakki","category-yasaksiz-meydan","tag-esit-haklar-icin-izleme-dernegi","tag-toplanti-ve-gosteri-hakki"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7580","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7580"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7580\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8307,"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7580\/revisions\/8307"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5853"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7580"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7580"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.esithaklar.org\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7580"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}